refactor: collection setup

2026-01-03 00:44:59 +01:00
parent b9b12f790d
commit 7df5ed685d
30 changed files with 1056 additions and 1234 deletions
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 {
+  "biome.enabled": true,
  "deno.enable": true,
  "deno.lint": false,
+  "editor.defaultFormatter": "biomejs.biome",
  "editor.formatOnSave": true,
  "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
-    "source.fixAll.eslint": "explicit"
-  },
-  "[typescript]": {
-    "editor.defaultFormatter": "esbenp.prettier-vscode"
+    "source.organizeImports.biome": "explicit",
+    "source.fixAll.biome": "explicit"
  }
 }
--- a/biome.json
+++ b/biome.json
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{
+  "formatter": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "formatWithErrors": false,
+    "indentStyle": "space",
+    "indentWidth": 2,
+    "lineEnding": "lf",
+    "lineWidth": 120,
+    "attributePosition": "auto"
+  },
+  "linter": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "rules": {
+      "recommended": true,
+      "suspicious": {
+        "noConfusingVoidType": "off",
+        "noExplicitAny": "off"
+      },
+      "complexity": {
+        "noBannedTypes": "off"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "assist": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "actions": {
+      "source": {
+        "organizeImports": {
+          "level": "on",
+          "options": {
+            "groups": [
+              [":BUN:", ":NODE:"],
+              ":BLANK_LINE:",
+              ":PACKAGE:",
+              ":BLANK_LINE:",
+              [":ALIAS:"],
+              ":BLANK_LINE:",
+              ":PATH:"
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/deno.json
+++ b/deno.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@valkyr/db",
-  "version": "2.0.0",
+  "version": "2.1.0",
  "exports": {
    ".": "./src/mod.ts"
  },
@@ -8,12 +8,19 @@
    "exclude": [".github", ".vscode", ".gitignore", "tests"]
  },
  "tasks": {
-    "check": "deno check ./src/mod.ts",
-    "lint": "npx eslint -c eslint.config.mjs --fix .",
-    "fmt": "npx prettier --write .",
-    "test": "deno test --allow-all",
+    "check": {
+      "command": "deno run -A npm:@biomejs/biome check --write ./src",
+      "description": "Format, lint, and organize imports of the entire project."
+    },
+    "test": {
+      "command": "deno test --allow-all",
+      "description": "Runs all defined tests across the entire project."
+    },
    "test:publish": "deno publish --dry-run",
-    "ncu": "npx ncu -u -p npm"
+    "ncu": {
+      "command": "npx ncu -u -p npm",
+      "description": "Updates all the dependencies in package.json to their latest versions."
+    }
  },
  "compilerOptions": {
    "lib": ["deno.window", "dom"]
--- a/deno.lock
+++ b/deno.lock
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -6,24 +6,22 @@
  "bugs": "https://github.com/valkyrjs/db/issues",
  "license": "MIT",
  "dependencies": {
-    "bson": "6",
-    "dot-prop": "9",
-    "fast-equals": "5",
-    "idb": "8",
-    "mingo": "6",
-    "rfdc": "1",
-    "rxjs": "7"
+    "bson": "7.0.0",
+    "dot-prop": "10.1.0",
+    "fast-equals": "6.0.0",
+    "idb": "8.0.3",
+    "mingo": "7.1.1",
+    "rfdc": "1.4.1",
+    "rxjs": "7.8.2",
+    "zod": "4.3.4"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@std/async": "npm:@jsr/std__async@1",
    "@std/assert": "npm:@jsr/std__assert@1",
    "@std/testing": "npm:@jsr/std__testing@1",
    "@valkyr/testcontainers": "npm:@jsr/valkyr__testcontainers@2",
-    "eslint": "9",
-    "eslint-plugin-simple-import-sort": "12",
-    "expect": "30",
-    "fake-indexeddb": "6",
-    "prettier": "3",
-    "typescript-eslint": "8"
+    "@biomejs/biome": "2.2.4",
+    "expect": "30.2.0",
+    "fake-indexeddb": "6.2.5"
  }
 }
--- a/src/broadcast.ts
+++ b/src/broadcast.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { Document, WithId } from "./types.ts";
+import type { AnyObject } from "mingo/types";

 export const BroadcastChannel =
  globalThis.BroadcastChannel ??
@@ -8,16 +8,16 @@ export const BroadcastChannel =
    close() {}
  };

-export type StorageBroadcast<TSchema extends Document = Document> =
+export type StorageBroadcast =
  | {
      name: string;
      type: "insertOne" | "updateOne";
-      data: WithId<TSchema>;
+      data: AnyObject;
    }
  | {
      name: string;
      type: "insertMany" | "updateMany" | "remove";
-      data: WithId<TSchema>[];
+      data: AnyObject[];
    }
  | {
      name: string;
--- a/src/collection.ts
+++ b/src/collection.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
-import { UpdateOptions } from "mingo/core";
-import { UpdateExpression } from "mingo/updater";
-import { Observable, Subject, Subscription } from "rxjs";
+import type { AnyObject, Criteria } from "mingo/types";
+import type { Modifier } from "mingo/updater";
+import { Observable, type Subject, type Subscription } from "rxjs";
+import type z from "zod";
+import type { ZodObject, ZodRawShape } from "zod";

 import { observe, observeOne } from "./observe/mod.ts";
-import {
-  ChangeEvent,
-  InsertManyResult,
-  InsertOneResult,
-  Options,
-  RemoveResult,
-  Storage,
-  UpdateResult,
-} from "./storage/mod.ts";
-import { Document, Filter, WithId } from "./types.ts";
+import type { ChangeEvent, InsertResult, QueryOptions, Storage, UpdateResult } from "./storage/mod.ts";
+import type { AnyDocument } from "./types.ts";

 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -20,59 +14,100 @@ import { Document, Filter, WithId } from "./types.ts";
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

-export class Collection<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
-  constructor(
-    readonly name: string,
-    readonly storage: Storage<TSchema>,
-  ) {}
+export class Collection<
+  TOptions extends AnyCollectionOptions = AnyCollectionOptions,
+  TAdapter extends Storage = TOptions["adapter"],
+  TPrimaryKey extends string = TOptions["primaryKey"],
+  TSchema extends AnyDocument = z.output<ZodObject<TOptions["schema"]>>,
+> {
+  declare readonly $schema: TSchema;
+
+  constructor(readonly options: TOptions) {}

  get observable(): {
-    change: Subject<ChangeEvent<TSchema>>;
+    change: Subject<ChangeEvent>;
    flush: Subject<void>;
  } {
    return this.storage.observable;
  }

+  get storage(): TAdapter {
+    return this.options.adapter;
+  }
+
  /*
   |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   | Mutators
   |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   */

-  async insertOne(document: Partial<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<InsertOneResult> {
-    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) => storage.insertOne(document));
+  async insertOne(values: TSchema | Omit<TSchema, TPrimaryKey>): Promise<InsertResult> {
+    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) =>
+      storage.insertOne({
+        collection: this.options.name,
+        pkey: this.options.primaryKey,
+        values,
+      }),
+    );
  }

-  async insertMany(documents: Partial<WithId<TSchema>>[]): Promise<InsertManyResult> {
-    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) => storage.insertMany(documents));
+  async insertMany(values: (TSchema | Omit<TSchema, TPrimaryKey>)[]): Promise<InsertResult> {
+    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) =>
+      storage.insertMany({
+        collection: this.options.name,
+        pkey: this.options.primaryKey,
+        values,
+      }),
+    );
  }

  async updateOne(
-    filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    expr: UpdateExpression,
-    arrayFilters?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>[],
-    condition?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    options?: UpdateOptions,
+    condition: Criteria<TSchema>,
+    modifier: Modifier<TSchema>,
+    arrayFilters?: AnyObject[],
  ): Promise<UpdateResult> {
-    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) => storage.updateOne(filter, expr, arrayFilters, condition, options));
+    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) =>
+      storage.updateOne({
+        collection: this.options.name,
+        pkey: this.options.primaryKey,
+        condition,
+        modifier,
+        arrayFilters,
+      }),
+    );
  }

  async updateMany(
-    filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    expr: UpdateExpression,
-    arrayFilters?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>[],
-    condition?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    options?: UpdateOptions,
+    condition: Criteria<TSchema>,
+    modifier: Modifier<TSchema>,
+    arrayFilters?: AnyObject[],
  ): Promise<UpdateResult> {
-    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) => storage.updateMany(filter, expr, arrayFilters, condition, options));
+    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) =>
+      storage.updateMany({
+        collection: this.options.name,
+        pkey: this.options.primaryKey,
+        condition,
+        modifier,
+        arrayFilters,
+      }),
+    );
  }

-  async replaceOne(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>, document: TSchema): Promise<UpdateResult> {
-    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) => storage.replace(filter, document));
+  async replaceOne(condition: Criteria<TSchema>, document: TSchema): Promise<UpdateResult> {
+    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) =>
+      storage.replace({
+        collection: this.options.name,
+        pkey: this.options.primaryKey,
+        condition,
+        document,
+      }),
+    );
  }

-  async remove(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<RemoveResult> {
-    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) => storage.remove(filter));
+  async remove(condition: Criteria<TSchema>): Promise<number> {
+    return this.storage
+      .resolve()
+      .then((storage) => storage.remove({ collection: this.options.name, pkey: this.options.primaryKey, condition }));
  }

  /*
@@ -82,37 +117,37 @@ export class Collection<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
   */

  subscribe(
-    filter?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
+    condition?: Criteria<TSchema>,
    options?: SubscribeToSingle,
-    next?: (document: WithId<TSchema> | undefined) => void,
+    next?: (document: TSchema | undefined) => void,
  ): Subscription;
  subscribe(
-    filter?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
+    condition?: Criteria<TSchema>,
    options?: SubscribeToMany,
-    next?: (documents: WithId<TSchema>[], changed: WithId<TSchema>[], type: ChangeEvent["type"]) => void,
+    next?: (documents: TSchema[], changed: TSchema[], type: ChangeEvent["type"]) => void,
  ): Subscription;
-  subscribe(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>> = {}, options?: Options, next?: (...args: any[]) => void): Subscription {
+  subscribe(condition: Criteria<TSchema> = {}, options?: QueryOptions, next?: (...args: any[]) => void): Subscription {
    if (options?.limit === 1) {
-      return this.#observeOne(filter).subscribe({ next });
+      return this.#observeOne(condition).subscribe({ next });
    }
-    return this.#observe(filter, options).subscribe({
-      next: (value: [WithId<TSchema>[], WithId<TSchema>[], ChangeEvent["type"]]) => next?.(...value),
+    return this.#observe(condition, options).subscribe({
+      next: (value: [TSchema[], TSchema[], ChangeEvent["type"]]) => next?.(...value),
    });
  }

  #observe(
-    filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>> = {},
-    options?: Options,
-  ): Observable<[WithId<TSchema>[], WithId<TSchema>[], ChangeEvent["type"]]> {
-    return new Observable<[WithId<TSchema>[], WithId<TSchema>[], ChangeEvent["type"]]>((subscriber) => {
+    filter: Criteria<TSchema> = {},
+    options?: QueryOptions,
+  ): Observable<[TSchema[], TSchema[], ChangeEvent["type"]]> {
+    return new Observable<[TSchema[], TSchema[], ChangeEvent["type"]]>((subscriber) => {
      return observe(this as any, filter, options, (values, changed, type) =>
        subscriber.next([values, changed, type] as any),
      );
    });
  }

-  #observeOne(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>> = {}): Observable<WithId<TSchema> | undefined> {
-    return new Observable<WithId<TSchema> | undefined>((subscriber) => {
+  #observeOne(filter: Criteria<TSchema> = {}): Observable<TSchema | undefined> {
+    return new Observable<TSchema | undefined>((subscriber) => {
      return observeOne(this as any, filter, (values) => subscriber.next(values as any));
    });
  }
@@ -126,32 +161,34 @@ export class Collection<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
  /**
   * Retrieve a record by the document 'id' key.
   */
-  async findById(id: string): Promise<WithId<TSchema> | undefined> {
-    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) => storage.findById(id));
+  async findById(id: string): Promise<TSchema | undefined> {
+    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) => storage.findById({ collection: this.options.name, id }));
  }

  /**
   * Performs a mingo filter search over the collection data and returns
   * a single document if one was found matching the filter and options.
   */
-  async findOne(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>> = {}, options?: Options): Promise<WithId<TSchema> | undefined> {
-    return this.find(filter, options).then(([document]) => document);
+  async findOne(condition: Criteria<TSchema> = {}, options?: QueryOptions): Promise<TSchema | undefined> {
+    return this.find(condition, options).then(([document]) => document);
  }

  /**
   * Performs a mingo filter search over the collection data and returns any
   * documents matching the provided filter and options.
   */
-  async find(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>> = {}, options?: Options): Promise<WithId<TSchema>[]> {
-    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) => storage.find(filter, options));
+  async find(condition: Criteria<TSchema> = {}, options?: QueryOptions): Promise<TSchema[]> {
+    return this.storage
+      .resolve()
+      .then((storage) => storage.find({ collection: this.options.name, condition, options }));
  }

  /**
   * Performs a mingo filter search over the collection data and returns
   * the count of all documents found matching the filter and options.
   */
-  async count(filter?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<number> {
-    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) => storage.count(filter));
+  async count(condition?: Criteria<TSchema>): Promise<number> {
+    return this.storage.resolve().then((storage) => storage.count({ collection: this.options.name, condition }));
  }

  /**
@@ -172,18 +209,32 @@ export class Collection<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
 */

 export type SubscriptionOptions = {
-  sort?: Options["sort"];
-  skip?: Options["skip"];
-  range?: Options["range"];
-  offset?: Options["offset"];
-  limit?: Options["limit"];
-  index?: Options["index"];
+  sort?: QueryOptions["sort"];
+  skip?: QueryOptions["skip"];
+  range?: QueryOptions["range"];
+  offset?: QueryOptions["offset"];
+  limit?: QueryOptions["limit"];
+  index?: QueryOptions["index"];
 };

-export type SubscribeToSingle = Options & {
+export type SubscribeToSingle = QueryOptions & {
  limit: 1;
 };

-export type SubscribeToMany = Options & {
+export type SubscribeToMany = QueryOptions & {
  limit?: number;
 };
+
+type AnyCollectionOptions = CollectionOptions<any, any, any, any>;
+
+type CollectionOptions<
+  TName extends string,
+  TAdapter extends Storage,
+  TPrimaryKey extends string | number | symbol,
+  TSchema extends ZodRawShape,
+> = {
+  name: TName;
+  adapter: TAdapter;
+  primaryKey: TPrimaryKey;
+  schema: TSchema;
+};
--- a/src/databases/indexeddb/cache.ts
+++ b/src/databases/indexeddb/cache.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 import { hashCodeQuery } from "../../hash.ts";
-import { Options } from "../../storage/mod.ts";
-import type { Document, Filter, WithId } from "../../types.ts";
+import type { QueryOptions } from "../../storage/mod.ts";
+import type { Document, Filter } from "../../types.ts";

-export class IndexedDbCache<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
+export class IndexedDBCache<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
  readonly #cache = new Map<number, string[]>();
-  readonly #documents = new Map<string, WithId<TSchema>>();
+  readonly #documents = new Map<string, TSchema>();

-  hash(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>, options: Options): number {
+  hash(filter: Filter<TSchema>, options: QueryOptions): number {
    return hashCodeQuery(filter, options);
  }

-  set(hashCode: number, documents: WithId<TSchema>[]) {
+  set(hashCode: number, documents: TSchema[]) {
    this.#cache.set(
      hashCode,
      documents.map((document) => document.id),
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ export class IndexedDbCache<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
    }
  }

-  get(hashCode: number): WithId<TSchema>[] | undefined {
+  get(hashCode: number): TSchema[] | undefined {
    const ids = this.#cache.get(hashCode);
    if (ids !== undefined) {
-      return ids.map((id) => this.#documents.get(id) as WithId<TSchema>);
+      return ids.map((id) => this.#documents.get(id) as TSchema);
    }
  }

--- a/src/databases/indexeddb/database.ts
+++ b/src/databases/indexeddb/database.ts
@@ -1,29 +1,32 @@
-import { IDBPDatabase, openDB } from "idb";
+import { type IDBPDatabase, openDB } from "idb";

 import { Collection } from "../../collection.ts";
-import { DBLogger } from "../../logger.ts";
-import { Document } from "../../types.ts";
-import { Registrars } from "../registrars.ts";
-import { IndexedDbStorage } from "./storage.ts";
+import type { DBLogger } from "../../logger.ts";
+import type { Document } from "../../types.ts";
+import type { Registrars } from "../registrars.ts";
+import { IndexedDBStorage } from "./storage.ts";

-export class IndexedDatabase<TCollections extends StringRecord<Document>> {
+export class IndexedDB<TCollections extends StringRecord<Document>> {
  readonly #collections = new Map<keyof TCollections, Collection<TCollections[keyof TCollections]>>();
  readonly #db: Promise<IDBPDatabase<unknown>>;

  constructor(readonly options: Options) {
    this.#db = openDB(options.name, options.version ?? 1, {
      upgrade: (db: IDBPDatabase) => {
-        for (const { name, indexes = [] } of options.registrars) {
-          const store = db.createObjectStore(name as string, { keyPath: "id" });
-          store.createIndex("id", "id", { unique: true });
+        for (const { name, primaryKey = "id", indexes = [] } of options.registrars) {
+          const store = db.createObjectStore(name as string, { keyPath: primaryKey });
+          store.createIndex(primaryKey, primaryKey, { unique: true });
          for (const [keyPath, options] of indexes) {
            store.createIndex(keyPath, keyPath, options);
          }
        }
      },
    });
-    for (const { name } of options.registrars) {
-      this.#collections.set(name, new Collection(name, new IndexedDbStorage(name, this.#db, options.log ?? log)));
+    for (const { name, primaryKey = "id" } of options.registrars) {
+      this.#collections.set(
+        name,
+        new Collection(name, new IndexedDBStorage(name, primaryKey, this.#db, options.log ?? log)),
+      );
    }
  }

@@ -33,9 +36,7 @@ export class IndexedDatabase<TCollections extends StringRecord<Document>> {
   |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   */

-  collection<TSchema extends TCollections[Name], Name extends keyof TCollections = keyof TCollections>(
-    name: Name,
-  ): Collection<TSchema> {
+  collection<Name extends keyof TCollections = keyof TCollections>(name: Name) {
    const collection = this.#collections.get(name);
    if (collection === undefined) {
      throw new Error(`Collection '${name as string}' not found`);
--- a/src/databases/indexeddb/storage.ts
+++ b/src/databases/indexeddb/storage.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-import { IDBPDatabase } from "idb";
-import { createUpdater, Query } from "mingo";
-import { UpdateOptions } from "mingo/core";
-import { UpdateExpression } from "mingo/updater";
+import type { IDBPDatabase } from "idb";
+import { Query, update } from "mingo";
+import type { Criteria, Options } from "mingo/types";
+import type { CloneMode, Modifier } from "mingo/updater";

-import { DBLogger, InsertLog, QueryLog, RemoveLog, ReplaceLog, UpdateLog } from "../../logger.ts";
+import { type DBLogger, InsertLog, QueryLog, RemoveLog, ReplaceLog, UpdateLog } from "../../logger.ts";
+import { getDocumentWithPrimaryKey } from "../../primary-key.ts";
 import { DuplicateDocumentError } from "../../storage/errors.ts";
 import {
  getInsertManyResult,
@@ -13,17 +14,18 @@ import {
 } from "../../storage/operators/insert.ts";
 import { RemoveResult } from "../../storage/operators/remove.ts";
 import { UpdateResult } from "../../storage/operators/update.ts";
-import { addOptions, Index, Options, Storage } from "../../storage/storage.ts";
-import type { Document, Filter, WithId } from "../../types.ts";
-import { IndexedDbCache } from "./cache.ts";
+import { addOptions, type Index, type QueryOptions, Storage } from "../../storage/storage.ts";
+import type { Document, Filter } from "../../types.ts";
+import { IndexedDBCache } from "./cache.ts";

 const OBJECT_PROTOTYPE = Object.getPrototypeOf({});
 const OBJECT_TAG = "[object Object]";

-const update = createUpdater({ cloneMode: "deep" });
-
-export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Storage<TSchema> {
-  readonly #cache = new IndexedDbCache<TSchema>();
+export class IndexedDBStorage<TPrimaryKey extends string, TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Storage<
+  TPrimaryKey,
+  TSchema
+> {
+  readonly #cache = new IndexedDBCache<TSchema>();

  readonly #promise: Promise<IDBPDatabase>;

@@ -31,10 +33,11 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora

  constructor(
    name: string,
+    primaryKey: TPrimaryKey,
    promise: Promise<IDBPDatabase>,
    readonly log: DBLogger,
  ) {
-    super(name);
+    super(name, primaryKey);
    this.#promise = promise;
  }

@@ -66,11 +69,12 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora
   |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   */

-  async insertOne(data: Partial<TSchema>): Promise<InsertOneResult> {
+  async insertOne(values: TSchema | Omit<TSchema, TPrimaryKey>): Promise<InsertOneResult> {
    const logger = new InsertLog(this.name);

-    const document = { ...data, id: data.id ?? crypto.randomUUID() } as any;
-    if (await this.has(document.id)) {
+    const document = getDocumentWithPrimaryKey(this.primaryKey, values);
+
+    if (await this.has(document[this.primaryKey])) {
      throw new DuplicateDocumentError(document, this as any);
    }
    await this.db.transaction(this.name, "readwrite", { durability: "relaxed" }).store.add(document);
@@ -83,15 +87,15 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora
    return getInsertOneResult(document);
  }

-  async insertMany(data: Partial<TSchema>[]): Promise<InsertManyResult> {
+  async insertMany(values: (TSchema | Omit<TSchema, TPrimaryKey>)[]): Promise<InsertManyResult> {
    const logger = new InsertLog(this.name);

-    const documents: WithId<TSchema>[] = [];
+    const documents: TSchema[] = [];

    const tx = this.db.transaction(this.name, "readwrite", { durability: "relaxed" });
    await Promise.all(
-      data.map((data) => {
-        const document = { ...data, id: data.id ?? crypto.randomUUID() } as WithId<TSchema>;
+      values.map((values) => {
+        const document = getDocumentWithPrimaryKey(this.primaryKey, values);
        documents.push(document);
        return tx.store.add(document);
      }),
@@ -112,11 +116,11 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora
   |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   */

-  async findById(id: string): Promise<WithId<TSchema> | undefined> {
+  async findById(id: string): Promise<TSchema | undefined> {
    return this.db.getFromIndex(this.name, "id", id);
  }

-  async find(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>, options: Options = {}): Promise<WithId<TSchema>[]> {
+  async find(filter: Filter<TSchema>, options: QueryOptions = {}): Promise<TSchema[]> {
    const logger = new QueryLog(this.name, { filter, options });

    const hashCode = this.#cache.hash(filter, options);
@@ -132,7 +136,7 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora
      cursor = addOptions(cursor, options);
    }

-    const documents = cursor.all() as WithId<TSchema>[];
+    const documents = cursor.all() as TSchema[];
    this.#cache.set(this.#cache.hash(filter, options), documents);

    this.log(logger.result());
@@ -151,8 +155,8 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora
      if (indexNames.contains(key) === true) {
        let val: any;
        if (isObject(filter[key]) === true) {
-          if ((filter as any)[key]["$in"] !== undefined) {
-            val = (filter as any)[key]["$in"];
+          if ((filter as any)[key].$in !== undefined) {
+            val = (filter as any)[key].$in;
          }
        } else {
          val = filter[key];
@@ -168,7 +172,7 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora
    return {};
  }

-  async #getAll({ index, offset, range, limit }: Options) {
+  async #getAll({ index, offset, range, limit }: QueryOptions) {
    if (index !== undefined) {
      return this.#getAllByIndex(index);
    }
@@ -230,34 +234,34 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora
   */

  async updateOne(
-    filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    expr: UpdateExpression,
-    arrayFilters?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>[],
-    condition?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    options?: UpdateOptions,
+    filter: Filter<TSchema>,
+    modifier: Modifier<TSchema>,
+    arrayFilters?: Filter<TSchema>[],
+    condition?: Criteria<TSchema>,
+    options: { cloneMode?: CloneMode; queryOptions?: Partial<Options> } = { cloneMode: "deep" },
  ): Promise<UpdateResult> {
    if (typeof filter.id === "string") {
-      return this.#update(filter.id, expr, arrayFilters, condition, options);
+      return this.#update(filter.id, modifier, arrayFilters, condition, options);
    }
    const documents = await this.find(filter);
    if (documents.length > 0) {
-      return this.#update(documents[0].id, expr, arrayFilters, condition, options);
+      return this.#update(documents[0].id, modifier, arrayFilters, condition, options);
    }
    return new UpdateResult(0, 0);
  }

  async updateMany(
-    filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    expr: UpdateExpression,
-    arrayFilters?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>[],
-    condition?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    options?: UpdateOptions,
+    filter: Filter<TSchema>,
+    modifier: Modifier<TSchema>,
+    arrayFilters?: Filter<TSchema>[],
+    condition?: Criteria<TSchema>,
+    options: { cloneMode?: CloneMode; queryOptions?: Partial<Options> } = { cloneMode: "deep" },
  ): Promise<UpdateResult> {
-    const logger = new UpdateLog(this.name, { filter, expr, arrayFilters, condition, options });
+    const logger = new UpdateLog(this.name, { filter, modifier, arrayFilters, condition, options });

    const ids = await this.find(filter).then((data) => data.map((d) => d.id));

-    const documents: WithId<TSchema>[] = [];
+    const documents: TSchema[] = [];
    let modifiedCount = 0;

    const tx = this.db.transaction(this.name, "readwrite", { durability: "relaxed" });
@@ -267,7 +271,7 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora
          if (current === undefined) {
            return;
          }
-          const modified = update(current, expr, arrayFilters, condition, options);
+          const modified = update(current, modifier, arrayFilters, condition, options);
          if (modified.length > 0) {
            modifiedCount += 1;
            documents.push(current);
@@ -287,12 +291,12 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora
    return new UpdateResult(ids.length, modifiedCount);
  }

-  async replace(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>, document: WithId<TSchema>): Promise<UpdateResult> {
+  async replace(filter: Filter<TSchema>, document: TSchema): Promise<UpdateResult> {
    const logger = new ReplaceLog(this.name, document);

    const ids = await this.find(filter).then((data) => data.map((d) => d.id));

-    const documents: WithId<TSchema>[] = [];
+    const documents: TSchema[] = [];
    const count = ids.length;

    const tx = this.db.transaction(this.name, "readwrite", { durability: "relaxed" });
@@ -315,12 +319,12 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora

  async #update(
    id: string | number,
-    expr: UpdateExpression,
-    arrayFilters?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>[],
-    condition?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    options?: UpdateOptions,
+    modifier: Modifier<TSchema>,
+    arrayFilters?: Filter<TSchema>[],
+    condition?: Criteria<TSchema>,
+    options: { cloneMode?: CloneMode; queryOptions?: Partial<Options> } = { cloneMode: "deep" },
  ): Promise<UpdateResult> {
-    const logger = new UpdateLog(this.name, { id, expr });
+    const logger = new UpdateLog(this.name, { id, modifier });

    const tx = this.db.transaction(this.name, "readwrite", { durability: "relaxed" });

@@ -330,7 +334,7 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora
      return new UpdateResult(0, 0);
    }

-    const modified = await update(current, expr, arrayFilters, condition, options);
+    const modified = await update(current, modifier, arrayFilters, condition, options);
    if (modified.length > 0) {
      await tx.store.put(current);
    }
@@ -352,7 +356,7 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora
   |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   */

-  async remove(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<RemoveResult> {
+  async remove(filter: Filter<TSchema>): Promise<RemoveResult> {
    const logger = new RemoveLog(this.name, { filter });

    const documents = await this.find(filter);
@@ -375,7 +379,7 @@ export class IndexedDbStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Stora
   |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   */

-  async count(filter?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<number> {
+  async count(filter?: Filter<TSchema>): Promise<number> {
    if (filter !== undefined) {
      return (await this.find(filter)).length;
    }
--- a/src/databases/memory/database.ts
+++ b/src/databases/memory/database.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Collection } from "../../collection.ts";
-import { Document } from "../../types.ts";
-import { Registrars } from "../registrars.ts";
+import type { Document } from "../../types.ts";
+import type { Registrars } from "../registrars.ts";
 import { MemoryStorage } from "./storage.ts";

 type Options = {
--- a/src/databases/memory/storage.ts
+++ b/src/databases/memory/storage.ts
@@ -1,145 +1,155 @@
-import { createUpdater, Query } from "mingo";
-import { UpdateOptions } from "mingo/core";
-import { UpdateExpression } from "mingo/updater";
+import { Query, update } from "mingo";
+import type { AnyObject } from "mingo/types";

-import { DuplicateDocumentError } from "../../storage/errors.ts";
+import { getDocumentWithPrimaryKey } from "../../primary-key.ts";
+import { Collections } from "../../storage/collections.ts";
+import type { UpdatePayload } from "../../storage/mod.ts";
+import type { InsertResult } from "../../storage/operators/insert.ts";
+import type { UpdateResult } from "../../storage/operators/update.ts";
 import {
-  getInsertManyResult,
-  getInsertOneResult,
-  type InsertManyResult,
-  type InsertOneResult,
-} from "../../storage/operators/insert.ts";
-import { RemoveResult } from "../../storage/operators/remove.ts";
-import { UpdateResult } from "../../storage/operators/update.ts";
-import { addOptions, Options, Storage } from "../../storage/storage.ts";
-import type { Document, Filter, WithId } from "../../types.ts";
+  addOptions,
+  type CountPayload,
+  type FindByIdPayload,
+  type FindPayload,
+  type InsertManyPayload,
+  type InsertOnePayload,
+  type RemovePayload,
+  type ReplacePayload,
+  Storage,
+} from "../../storage/storage.ts";
+import type { AnyDocument } from "../../types.ts";

-const update = createUpdater({ cloneMode: "deep" });
-
-export class MemoryStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Storage<TSchema> {
-  readonly #documents = new Map<string, WithId<TSchema>>();
+export class MemoryStorage extends Storage {
+  readonly #collections = new Collections();

  async resolve() {
    return this;
  }

-  async has(id: string): Promise<boolean> {
-    return this.#documents.has(id);
+  async insertOne({ pkey, values, ...payload }: InsertOnePayload): Promise<InsertResult> {
+    const collection = this.#collections.get(payload.collection);
+
+    const document = getDocumentWithPrimaryKey(pkey, values);
+    if (collection.has(document[pkey])) {
+      return { insertCount: 0, insertIds: [] };
    }

-  async insertOne(data: Partial<TSchema>): Promise<InsertOneResult> {
-    const document = { ...data, id: data.id ?? crypto.randomUUID() } as WithId<TSchema>;
-    if (await this.has(document.id)) {
-      throw new DuplicateDocumentError(document, this as any);
-    }
-    this.#documents.set(document.id, document);
+    collection.set(document[pkey], document);
    this.broadcast("insertOne", document);
-    return getInsertOneResult(document);
+
+    return { insertCount: 1, insertIds: [document[pkey]] };
  }

-  async insertMany(documents: Partial<TSchema>[]): Promise<InsertManyResult> {
-    const result: TSchema[] = [];
-    for (const data of documents) {
-      const document = { ...data, id: data.id ?? crypto.randomUUID() } as WithId<TSchema>;
-      result.push(document);
-      this.#documents.set(document.id, document);
+  async insertMany({ pkey, values, ...payload }: InsertManyPayload): Promise<InsertResult> {
+    const collection = this.#collections.get(payload.collection);
+
+    const documents: AnyDocument[] = [];
+    for (const insert of values) {
+      const document = getDocumentWithPrimaryKey(pkey, insert);
+      if (collection.has(document[pkey])) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      collection.set(document[pkey], document);
+      documents.push(document);
    }

-    this.broadcast("insertMany", result);
-
-    return getInsertManyResult(result);
+    if (documents.length > 0) {
+      this.broadcast("insertMany", documents);
    }

-  async findById(id: string): Promise<WithId<TSchema> | undefined> {
-    return this.#documents.get(id);
+    return { insertCount: documents.length, insertIds: documents.map((document) => document[pkey]) };
  }

-  async find(filter?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>, options?: Options): Promise<WithId<TSchema>[]> {
-    let cursor = new Query(filter ?? {}).find<TSchema>(Array.from(this.#documents.values()));
+  async findById({ collection, id }: FindByIdPayload): Promise<AnyObject | undefined> {
+    return this.#collections.get(collection).get(id);
+  }
+
+  async find({ condition = {}, options, ...payload }: FindPayload): Promise<AnyDocument[]> {
+    let cursor = new Query(condition).find<AnyDocument>(this.#collections.documents(payload.collection));
    if (options !== undefined) {
      cursor = addOptions(cursor, options);
    }
-    return cursor.all() as WithId<TSchema>[];
+    return cursor.all();
  }

-  async updateOne(
-    filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    expr: UpdateExpression,
-    arrayFilters?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>[],
-    condition?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    options?: UpdateOptions,
-  ): Promise<UpdateResult> {
-    for (const document of await this.find(filter)) {
-      const modified = update(document, expr, arrayFilters, condition, options);
+  async updateOne({ pkey, condition, modifier, arrayFilters, ...payload }: UpdatePayload): Promise<UpdateResult> {
+    const collection = this.#collections.get(payload.collection);
+
+    let matchedCount = 0;
+    let modifiedCount = 0;
+
+    for (const document of await this.find({ collection: payload.collection, condition, options: { limit: 1 } })) {
+      const modified = update(document, modifier, arrayFilters, undefined, { cloneMode: "deep" });
      if (modified.length > 0) {
-        this.#documents.set(document.id, document);
+        collection.set(document[pkey], document);
        this.broadcast("updateOne", document);
-        return new UpdateResult(1, 1);
+        modifiedCount += 1;
      }
-      return new UpdateResult(1, 0);
+      matchedCount += 1;
    }
-    return new UpdateResult(0, 0);
+    return { matchedCount, modifiedCount };
  }

-  async updateMany(
-    filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    expr: UpdateExpression,
-    arrayFilters?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>[],
-    condition?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    options?: UpdateOptions,
-  ): Promise<UpdateResult> {
-    const documents: WithId<TSchema>[] = [];
+  async updateMany({ pkey, condition, modifier, arrayFilters, ...payload }: UpdatePayload): Promise<UpdateResult> {
+    const collection = this.#collections.get(payload.collection);
+
+    const documents: AnyDocument[] = [];

    let matchedCount = 0;
    let modifiedCount = 0;

-    for (const document of await this.find(filter)) {
+    for (const document of await this.find({ collection: payload.collection, condition })) {
      matchedCount += 1;
-      const modified = update(document, expr, arrayFilters, condition, options);
+      const modified = update(document, modifier, arrayFilters, undefined, { cloneMode: "deep" });
      if (modified.length > 0) {
        modifiedCount += 1;
        documents.push(document);
-        this.#documents.set(document.id, document);
+        collection.set(document[pkey], document);
      }
    }

    this.broadcast("updateMany", documents);

-    return new UpdateResult(matchedCount, modifiedCount);
+    return { matchedCount, modifiedCount };
  }

-  async replace(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>, document: WithId<TSchema>): Promise<UpdateResult> {
-    const documents: WithId<TSchema>[] = [];
+  async replace({ pkey, condition, document, ...payload }: ReplacePayload): Promise<UpdateResult> {
+    const collection = this.#collections.get(payload.collection);

    let matchedCount = 0;
    let modifiedCount = 0;

-    for (const current of await this.find(filter)) {
+    const documents: AnyDocument[] = [];
+    for (const current of await this.find({ collection: payload.collection, condition })) {
      matchedCount += 1;
      modifiedCount += 1;
      documents.push(document);
-      this.#documents.set(current.id, document);
+      collection.set(current[pkey], document);
    }

    this.broadcast("updateMany", documents);

-    return new UpdateResult(matchedCount, modifiedCount);
+    return { matchedCount, modifiedCount };
  }

-  async remove(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<RemoveResult> {
-    const documents = await this.find(filter);
+  async remove({ pkey, condition, ...payload }: RemovePayload): Promise<number> {
+    const collection = this.#collections.get(payload.collection);
+
+    const documents = await this.find({ collection: payload.collection, condition });
    for (const document of documents) {
-      this.#documents.delete(document.id);
-    }
-    this.broadcast("remove", documents);
-    return new RemoveResult(documents.length);
+      collection.delete(document[pkey]);
    }

-  async count(filter?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<number> {
-    return new Query(filter ?? {}).find(Array.from(this.#documents.values())).count();
+    this.broadcast("remove", documents);
+
+    return documents.length;
+  }
+
+  async count({ collection, condition = {} }: CountPayload): Promise<number> {
+    return new Query(condition).find(this.#collections.documents(collection)).all().length;
  }

  async flush(): Promise<void> {
-    this.#documents.clear();
+    this.#collections.flush();
  }
 }
--- a/src/databases/observer/storage.ts
+++ b/src/databases/observer/storage.ts
@@ -1,23 +1,16 @@
-import { createUpdater, Query } from "mingo";
-import { UpdateOptions } from "mingo/core";
-import { UpdateExpression } from "mingo/updater";
+import { Query, update } from "mingo";
+import type { Criteria, Options } from "mingo/types";
+import type { CloneMode, Modifier } from "mingo/updater";

+import { getDocumentWithPrimaryKey } from "../../primary-key.ts";
 import { DuplicateDocumentError } from "../../storage/errors.ts";
-import {
-  getInsertManyResult,
-  getInsertOneResult,
-  InsertManyResult,
-  InsertOneResult,
-} from "../../storage/operators/insert.ts";
-import { RemoveResult } from "../../storage/operators/remove.ts";
+import type { InsertResult } from "../../storage/operators/insert.ts";
 import { UpdateResult } from "../../storage/operators/update.ts";
-import { addOptions, Options, Storage } from "../../storage/storage.ts";
-import { Document, Filter, WithId } from "../../types.ts";
+import { addOptions, type QueryOptions, Storage } from "../../storage/storage.ts";
+import type { AnyDocument } from "../../types.ts";

-const update = createUpdater({ cloneMode: "deep" });
-
-export class ObserverStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Storage<TSchema> {
-  readonly #documents = new Map<string, WithId<TSchema>>();
+export class ObserverStorage extends Storage {
+  readonly #documents = new Map<string, AnyDocument>();

  async resolve() {
    return this;
@@ -27,48 +20,48 @@ export class ObserverStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Storag
    return this.#documents.has(id);
  }

-  async insertOne(data: Partial<TSchema>): Promise<InsertOneResult> {
-    const document = { ...data, id: data.id ?? crypto.randomUUID() } as WithId<TSchema>;
-    if (await this.has(document.id)) {
+  async insertOne(values: AnyDocument): Promise<InsertResult> {
+    const document = getDocumentWithPrimaryKey(this.primaryKey, values);
+    if (await this.has(document[this.primaryKey])) {
      throw new DuplicateDocumentError(document, this as any);
    }
-    this.#documents.set(document.id, document);
+    this.#documents.set(document[this.primaryKey], document);
    return getInsertOneResult(document);
  }

-  async insertMany(documents: Partial<TSchema>[]): Promise<InsertManyResult> {
+  async insertMany(list: TSchema[]): Promise<InsertResult> {
    const result: TSchema[] = [];
-    for (const data of documents) {
-      const document = { ...data, id: data.id ?? crypto.randomUUID() } as WithId<TSchema>;
+    for (const values of list) {
+      const document = getDocumentWithPrimaryKey(this.primaryKey, values);
      result.push(document);
      this.#documents.set(document.id, document);
    }
    return getInsertManyResult(result);
  }

-  async findById(id: string): Promise<WithId<TSchema> | undefined> {
+  async findById(id: string): Promise<TSchema | undefined> {
    return this.#documents.get(id);
  }

-  async find(filter?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>, options?: Options): Promise<WithId<TSchema>[]> {
+  async find(filter?: Filter<TSchema>, options?: QueryOptions): Promise<TSchema[]> {
    let cursor = new Query(filter ?? {}).find<TSchema>(Array.from(this.#documents.values()));
    if (options !== undefined) {
      cursor = addOptions(cursor, options);
    }
-    return cursor.all() as WithId<TSchema>[];
+    return cursor.all();
  }

  async updateOne(
-    filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    expr: UpdateExpression,
-    arrayFilters?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>[],
-    condition?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    options?: UpdateOptions,
+    filter: Filter<TSchema>,
+    modifier: Modifier<TSchema>,
+    arrayFilters?: Filter<TSchema>[],
+    condition?: Criteria<TSchema>,
+    options: { cloneMode?: CloneMode; queryOptions?: Partial<Options> } = { cloneMode: "deep" },
  ): Promise<UpdateResult> {
    const query = new Query(filter);
    for (const document of Array.from(this.#documents.values())) {
      if (query.test(document) === true) {
-        const modified = update(document, expr, arrayFilters, condition, options);
+        const modified = update(document, modifier, arrayFilters, condition, options);
        if (modified.length > 0) {
          this.#documents.set(document.id, document);
          this.broadcast("updateOne", document);
@@ -81,15 +74,15 @@ export class ObserverStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Storag
  }

  async updateMany(
-    filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    expr: UpdateExpression,
-    arrayFilters?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>[],
-    condition?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    options?: UpdateOptions,
+    filter: Filter<TSchema>,
+    modifier: Modifier<TSchema>,
+    arrayFilters?: Filter<TSchema>[],
+    condition?: Criteria<TSchema>,
+    options: { cloneMode?: CloneMode; queryOptions?: Partial<Options> } = { cloneMode: "deep" },
  ): Promise<UpdateResult> {
    const query = new Query(filter);

-    const documents: WithId<TSchema>[] = [];
+    const documents: TSchema[] = [];

    let matchedCount = 0;
    let modifiedCount = 0;
@@ -97,7 +90,7 @@ export class ObserverStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Storag
    for (const document of Array.from(this.#documents.values())) {
      if (query.test(document) === true) {
        matchedCount += 1;
-        const modified = update(filter, expr, arrayFilters, condition, options);
+        const modified = update(document, modifier, arrayFilters, condition, options);
        if (modified.length > 0) {
          modifiedCount += 1;
          documents.push(document);
@@ -111,10 +104,10 @@ export class ObserverStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Storag
    return new UpdateResult(matchedCount, modifiedCount);
  }

-  async replace(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>, document: WithId<TSchema>): Promise<UpdateResult> {
+  async replace(filter: Filter<TSchema>, document: TSchema): Promise<UpdateResult> {
    const query = new Query(filter);

-    const documents: WithId<TSchema>[] = [];
+    const documents: TSchema[] = [];

    let matchedCount = 0;
    let modifiedCount = 0;
@@ -131,7 +124,7 @@ export class ObserverStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Storag
    return new UpdateResult(matchedCount, modifiedCount);
  }

-  async remove(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<RemoveResult> {
+  async remove(filter: Filter<TSchema>): Promise<RemoveResult> {
    const documents = Array.from(this.#documents.values());
    const query = new Query(filter);
    let count = 0;
@@ -144,8 +137,8 @@ export class ObserverStorage<TSchema extends Document = Document> extends Storag
    return new RemoveResult(count);
  }

-  async count(filter?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<number> {
-    return new Query(filter ?? {}).find(Array.from(this.#documents.values())).count();
+  async count(filter?: Filter<TSchema>): Promise<number> {
+    return new Query(filter ?? {}).find(Array.from(this.#documents.values())).all().length;
  }

  async flush(): Promise<void> {
--- a/src/databases/registrars.ts
+++ b/src/databases/registrars.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,23 @@
 export type Registrars = {
+  /**
+   * Name of the collection.
+   */
  name: string;
+
+  /**
+   * Set the primary key of the collection.
+   * Default: "id"
+   */
+  primaryKey?: string;
+
+  /**
+   * List of custom indexes for the collection.
+   */
  indexes?: Index[];
 };

-type Index = [string, any?];
+type Index = [IndexKey, IndexOptions?];
+
+type IndexKey = string;
+
+type IndexOptions = { unique: boolean };
--- a/src/observe/observe-one.ts
+++ b/src/observe/observe-one.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { Collection } from "../collection.ts";
-import { Document, Filter, WithId } from "../types.ts";
+import type { Collection } from "../collection.ts";
+import type { Document, Filter, WithId } from "../types.ts";
 import { isMatch } from "./is-match.ts";

 export function observeOne<TSchema extends Document = Document>(
--- a/src/observe/observe.ts
+++ b/src/observe/observe.ts
@@ -1,23 +1,24 @@
 import { Query } from "mingo";
+import type { AnyObject, Criteria } from "mingo/types";

-import { Collection } from "../collection.ts";
-import { addOptions, ChangeEvent, Options } from "../storage/mod.ts";
-import { Document, Filter, WithId } from "../types.ts";
+import type { Collection } from "../collection.ts";
+import { addOptions, type ChangeEvent, type QueryOptions } from "../storage/mod.ts";
+import type { AnyDocument } from "../types.ts";
 import { Store } from "./store.ts";

-export function observe<TSchema extends Document = Document>(
-  collection: Collection<TSchema>,
-  filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-  options: Options | undefined,
-  onChange: (documents: WithId<TSchema>[], changed: WithId<TSchema>[], type: ChangeEvent<TSchema>["type"]) => void,
+export function observe<TCollection extends Collection, TSchema extends AnyObject = TCollection["$schema"]>(
+  collection: TCollection,
+  condition: Criteria<TSchema>,
+  options: QueryOptions | undefined,
+  onChange: (documents: TSchema[], changed: TSchema[], type: ChangeEvent["type"]) => void,
 ): {
  unsubscribe: () => void;
 } {
-  const store = Store.create<TSchema>();
+  const store = Store.create();

  let debounce: any;

-  collection.find(filter, options).then(async (documents) => {
+  collection.find(condition, options).then(async (documents) => {
    const resolved = await store.resolve(documents);
    onChange(resolved, resolved, "insertMany");
  });
@@ -29,17 +30,17 @@ export function observe<TSchema extends Document = Document>(
      onChange([], [], "remove");
    }),
    collection.observable.change.subscribe(async ({ type, data }) => {
-      let changed: WithId<TSchema>[] = [];
+      let changed: AnyObject[] = [];
      switch (type) {
        case "insertOne":
        case "updateOne": {
-          changed = await store[type](data, filter);
+          changed = await store[type](data, condition);
          break;
        }
        case "insertMany":
        case "updateMany":
        case "remove": {
-          changed = await store[type](data, filter);
+          changed = await store[type](data, condition);
          break;
        }
      }
@@ -64,12 +65,9 @@ export function observe<TSchema extends Document = Document>(
  };
 }

-function applyQueryOptions<TSchema extends Document = Document>(
-  documents: WithId<TSchema>[],
-  options?: Options,
-): WithId<TSchema>[] {
+function applyQueryOptions(documents: AnyDocument[], options?: QueryOptions): AnyDocument[] {
  if (options !== undefined) {
-    return addOptions(new Query({}).find<TSchema>(documents), options).all() as WithId<TSchema>[];
+    return addOptions(new Query({}).find<AnyDocument>(documents), options).all();
  }
  return documents;
 }
--- a/src/observe/store.ts
+++ b/src/observe/store.ts
@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 import { ObserverStorage } from "../databases/observer/storage.ts";
-import { Storage } from "../storage/mod.ts";
-import { Document, Filter, WithId } from "../types.ts";
+import type { Storage } from "../storage/mod.ts";
+import type { AnyDocument } from "../types.ts";
 import { isMatch } from "./is-match.ts";

-export class Store<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
-  private constructor(private storage: Storage<TSchema>) {}
+export class Store {
+  private constructor(private storage: Storage) {}

-  static create<TSchema extends Document = Document>() {
-    return new Store<TSchema>(new ObserverStorage<TSchema>(`observer[${crypto.randomUUID()}]`));
+  static create() {
+    return new Store(new ObserverStorage(`observer[${crypto.randomUUID()}]`));
  }

  get destroy() {
    return this.storage.destroy.bind(this.storage);
  }

-  async resolve(documents: WithId<TSchema>[]): Promise<WithId<TSchema>[]> {
+  async resolve(documents: AnyDocument[]): Promise<AnyDocument[]> {
    await this.storage.insertMany(documents);
    return this.getDocuments();
  }

-  async getDocuments(): Promise<WithId<TSchema>[]> {
+  async getDocuments(): Promise<AnyDocument[]> {
    return this.storage.find();
  }

-  async insertMany(documents: WithId<TSchema>[], filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<WithId<TSchema>[]> {
+  async insertMany(documents: AnyDocument[], filter: Filter<AnyDocument>): Promise<AnyDocument[]> {
    const matched = [];
    for (const document of documents) {
      matched.push(...(await this.insertOne(document, filter)));
@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@ export class Store<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
    return matched;
  }

-  async insertOne(document: WithId<TSchema>, filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<WithId<TSchema>[]> {
-    if (isMatch<TSchema>(document, filter)) {
+  async insertOne(document: AnyDocument, filter: Filter<AnyDocument>): Promise<AnyDocument[]> {
+    if (isMatch<AnyDocument>(document, filter)) {
      await this.storage.insertOne(document);
      return [document];
    }
    return [];
  }

-  async updateMany(documents: WithId<TSchema>[], filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<WithId<TSchema>[]> {
+  async updateMany(documents: AnyDocument[], filter: Filter<AnyDocument>): Promise<AnyDocument[]> {
    const matched = [];
    for (const document of documents) {
      matched.push(...(await this.updateOne(document, filter)));
@@ -47,33 +47,33 @@ export class Store<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
    return matched;
  }

-  async updateOne(document: WithId<TSchema>, filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<WithId<TSchema>[]> {
+  async updateOne(document: AnyDocument, filter: Filter<AnyDocument>): Promise<AnyDocument[]> {
    if (await this.storage.has(document.id)) {
      await this.#updateOrRemove(document, filter);
      return [document];
-    } else if (isMatch<TSchema>(document, filter)) {
+    } else if (isMatch<AnyDocument>(document, filter)) {
      await this.storage.insertOne(document);
      return [document];
    }
    return [];
  }

-  async remove(documents: WithId<TSchema>[]): Promise<WithId<TSchema>[]> {
+  async remove(documents: AnyDocument[]): Promise<AnyDocument[]> {
    const matched = [];
    for (const document of documents) {
-      if (isMatch<TSchema>(document, { id: document.id } as WithId<TSchema>)) {
-        await this.storage.remove({ id: document.id } as WithId<TSchema>);
+      if (isMatch<AnyDocument>(document, { id: document.id } as AnyDocument)) {
+        await this.storage.remove({ id: document.id } as AnyDocument);
        matched.push(document);
      }
    }
    return matched;
  }

-  async #updateOrRemove(document: WithId<TSchema>, filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<void> {
-    if (isMatch<TSchema>(document, filter)) {
-      await this.storage.replace({ id: document.id } as WithId<TSchema>, document);
+  async #updateOrRemove(document: AnyDocument, filter: Filter<AnyDocument>): Promise<void> {
+    if (isMatch<AnyDocument>(document, filter)) {
+      await this.storage.replace({ id: document.id } as AnyDocument, document);
    } else {
-      await this.storage.remove({ id: document.id } as WithId<TSchema>);
+      await this.storage.remove({ id: document.id } as AnyDocument);
    }
  }

--- a/src/primary-key.ts
+++ b/src/primary-key.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import type { AnyDocument } from "./types.ts";
+
+export function getDocumentWithPrimaryKey<TPKey extends string>(pkey: TPKey, document: AnyDocument): AnyDocument {
+  if (Object.hasOwn(document, pkey) === true) {
+    return document;
+  }
+  return { [pkey]: crypto.randomUUID(), ...document };
+}
--- a/src/storage/collections.ts
+++ b/src/storage/collections.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import type { AnyObject } from "mingo/types";
+
+import { CollectionNotFoundError } from "./errors.ts";
+
+export class Collections {
+  #collections = new Map<string, Documents>();
+
+  has(name: string): boolean {
+    return this.#collections.has(name);
+  }
+
+  documents(name: string): AnyObject[] {
+    return Array.from(this.get(name).values());
+  }
+
+  get(name: string): Documents {
+    const collection = this.#collections.get(name);
+    if (collection === undefined) {
+      throw new CollectionNotFoundError(name);
+    }
+    return collection;
+  }
+
+  delete(name: string): boolean {
+    return this.#collections.delete(name);
+  }
+
+  flush() {
+    this.#collections.clear();
+  }
+}
+
+type Documents = Map<string, AnyObject>;
--- a/src/storage/errors.ts
+++ b/src/storage/errors.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,28 @@
-import { RawObject } from "mingo/types";
-
-import { Document } from "../types.ts";
-import type { Storage } from "./storage.ts";
+import type { AnyObject } from "mingo/types";

 export class DuplicateDocumentError extends Error {
  readonly type = "DuplicateDocumentError";

  constructor(
-    readonly document: Document,
-    storage: Storage,
+    readonly collection: string,
+    readonly document: AnyObject,
  ) {
-    super(
-      `Collection Insert Violation: Document '${document.id}' already exists in ${storage.name} collection ${storage.id}`,
-    );
+    super(`Collection Insert Violation: Document '${document.id}' already exists in '${collection}' collection`);
+  }
+}
+
+export class CollectionNotFoundError extends Error {
+  readonly type = "CollectionNotFoundError";
+
+  constructor(readonly collection: string) {
+    super(`Collection Retrieve Violation: Collection '${collection}' does not exist`);
  }
 }

 export class DocumentNotFoundError extends Error {
  readonly type = "DocumentNotFoundError";

-  constructor(readonly criteria: RawObject) {
+  constructor(readonly criteria: AnyObject) {
    super(`Collection Update Violation: Document matching criteria does not exists`);
  }
 }
--- a/src/storage/operators/insert.ts
+++ b/src/storage/operators/insert.ts
@@ -1,40 +1,4 @@
-import type { Document } from "../../types.ts";
-
-export function getInsertManyResult(documents: Document[]): InsertManyResult {
-  return {
-    acknowledged: true,
-    insertedCount: documents.length,
-    insertedIds: documents.reduce<{ [key: number]: string | number }>((map, document, index) => {
-      map[index] = document.id;
-      return map;
-    }, {}),
-  };
-}
-
-export function getInsertOneResult(document: Document): InsertOneResult {
-  return {
-    acknowledged: true,
-    insertedId: document.id,
-  };
-}
-
-export type InsertManyResult =
-  | {
-      acknowledged: false;
-    }
-  | {
-      acknowledged: true;
-      insertedCount: number;
-      insertedIds: {
-        [key: number]: string | number;
-      };
-    };
-
-export type InsertOneResult =
-  | {
-      acknowledged: false;
-    }
-  | {
-      acknowledged: true;
-      insertedId: string | number;
+export type InsertResult = {
+  insertCount: number;
+  insertIds: (string | number | symbol)[];
 };
--- a/src/storage/operators/remove.ts
+++ b/src/storage/operators/remove.ts
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-export class RemoveResult {
-  constructor(readonly matched = 0) {}
-}
--- a/src/storage/operators/update.ts
+++ b/src/storage/operators/update.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-export class UpdateResult {
-  constructor(
-    readonly matched = 0,
-    readonly modified = 0,
-  ) {}
-}
+export type UpdateResult = {
+  matchedCount: number;
+  modifiedCount: number;
+};
--- a/src/storage/storage.ts
+++ b/src/storage/storage.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
-import { UpdateOptions } from "mingo/core";
-import { Cursor } from "mingo/cursor";
-import { UpdateExpression } from "mingo/updater";
+import type { Cursor } from "mingo/cursor";
+import type { AnyObject, Criteria } from "mingo/types";
+import type { Modifier } from "mingo/updater";
 import { Subject } from "rxjs";

-import { BroadcastChannel, StorageBroadcast } from "../broadcast.ts";
-import { Document, Filter, WithId } from "../types.ts";
-import { InsertManyResult, InsertOneResult } from "./operators/insert.ts";
-import { RemoveResult } from "./operators/remove.ts";
-import { UpdateResult } from "./operators/update.ts";
+import { BroadcastChannel, type StorageBroadcast } from "../broadcast.ts";
+import type { Prettify } from "../types.ts";
+import type { InsertResult } from "./operators/insert.ts";
+import type { UpdateResult } from "./operators/update.ts";

-export abstract class Storage<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
+export abstract class Storage {
  readonly observable: {
-    change: Subject<ChangeEvent<TSchema>>;
+    change: Subject<ChangeEvent>;
    flush: Subject<void>;
  } = {
-    change: new Subject<ChangeEvent<TSchema>>(),
+    change: new Subject<ChangeEvent>(),
    flush: new Subject<void>(),
  };

@@ -22,12 +21,9 @@ export abstract class Storage<TSchema extends Document = Document> {

  readonly #channel: BroadcastChannel;

-  constructor(
-    readonly name: string,
-    readonly id: string = crypto.randomUUID(),
-  ) {
+  constructor(readonly name: string) {
    this.#channel = new BroadcastChannel(`valkyr:db:${name}`);
-    this.#channel.onmessage = ({ data }: MessageEvent<StorageBroadcast<TSchema>>) => {
+    this.#channel.onmessage = ({ data }: MessageEvent<StorageBroadcast>) => {
      if (data.name !== this.name) {
        return;
      }
@@ -72,7 +68,7 @@ export abstract class Storage<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
   |
   */

-  broadcast(type: StorageBroadcast<TSchema>["type"], data?: TSchema | TSchema[]): void {
+  broadcast(type: StorageBroadcast["type"], data?: AnyObject | AnyObject[]): void {
    switch (type) {
      case "flush": {
        this.observable.flush.next();
@@ -92,37 +88,23 @@ export abstract class Storage<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
   |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   */

-  abstract has(id: string): Promise<boolean>;
+  abstract insertOne(payload: InsertOnePayload): Promise<InsertResult>;

-  abstract insertOne(document: Partial<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<InsertOneResult>;
+  abstract insertMany(payload: InsertManyPayload): Promise<InsertResult>;

-  abstract insertMany(documents: Partial<WithId<TSchema>>[]): Promise<InsertManyResult>;
+  abstract findById(payload: FindByIdPayload): Promise<AnyObject | undefined>;

-  abstract findById(id: string): Promise<WithId<TSchema> | undefined>;
+  abstract find(payload: FindPayload): Promise<AnyObject[]>;

-  abstract find(filter?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>, options?: Options): Promise<WithId<TSchema>[]>;
+  abstract updateOne(payload: UpdatePayload): Promise<UpdateResult>;

-  abstract updateOne(
-    filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    expr: UpdateExpression,
-    arrayFilters?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>[],
-    condition?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    options?: UpdateOptions,
-  ): Promise<UpdateResult>;
+  abstract updateMany(payload: UpdatePayload): Promise<UpdateResult>;

-  abstract updateMany(
-    filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    expr: UpdateExpression,
-    arrayFilters?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>[],
-    condition?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>,
-    options?: UpdateOptions,
-  ): Promise<UpdateResult>;
+  abstract replace(payload: ReplacePayload): Promise<UpdateResult>;

-  abstract replace(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>, document: TSchema): Promise<UpdateResult>;
+  abstract remove(payload: RemovePayload): Promise<number>;

-  abstract remove(filter: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<RemoveResult>;
-
-  abstract count(filter?: Filter<WithId<TSchema>>): Promise<number>;
+  abstract count(payload: CountPayload): Promise<number>;

  abstract flush(): Promise<void>;

@@ -143,9 +125,9 @@ export abstract class Storage<TSchema extends Document = Document> {
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

-export function addOptions<TSchema extends Document = Document>(
+export function addOptions<TSchema extends AnyObject = AnyObject>(
  cursor: Cursor<TSchema>,
-  options: Options,
+  options: QueryOptions,
 ): Cursor<TSchema> {
  if (options.sort) {
    cursor.sort(options.sort);
@@ -167,17 +149,17 @@ export function addOptions<TSchema extends Document = Document>(

 type Status = "loading" | "ready";

-export type ChangeEvent<TSchema extends Document = Document> =
+export type ChangeEvent =
  | {
      type: "insertOne" | "updateOne";
-      data: WithId<TSchema>;
+      data: AnyObject;
    }
  | {
      type: "insertMany" | "updateMany" | "remove";
-      data: WithId<TSchema>[];
+      data: AnyObject[];
    };

-export type Options = {
+export type QueryOptions = {
  sort?: {
    [key: string]: 1 | -1;
  };
@@ -197,3 +179,68 @@ export type Options = {
 export type Index = {
  [index: string]: any;
 };
+
+export type InsertOnePayload = Prettify<
+  CollectionPayload &
+    PrimaryKeyPayload & {
+      values: AnyObject;
+    }
+>;
+
+export type InsertManyPayload = Prettify<
+  CollectionPayload &
+    PrimaryKeyPayload & {
+      values: AnyObject[];
+    }
+>;
+
+export type FindByIdPayload = Prettify<
+  CollectionPayload & {
+    id: string;
+  }
+>;
+
+export type FindPayload = Prettify<
+  CollectionPayload & {
+    condition?: Criteria<AnyObject>;
+    options?: QueryOptions;
+  }
+>;
+
+export type UpdatePayload = Prettify<
+  CollectionPayload &
+    PrimaryKeyPayload & {
+      condition: Criteria<AnyObject>;
+      modifier: Modifier<AnyObject>;
+      arrayFilters?: AnyObject[];
+    }
+>;
+
+export type ReplacePayload = Prettify<
+  CollectionPayload &
+    PrimaryKeyPayload & {
+      condition: Criteria<AnyObject>;
+      document: AnyObject;
+    }
+>;
+
+export type RemovePayload = Prettify<
+  CollectionPayload &
+    PrimaryKeyPayload & {
+      condition: Criteria<AnyObject>;
+    }
+>;
+
+export type CountPayload = Prettify<
+  CollectionPayload & {
+    condition?: Criteria<AnyObject>;
+  }
+>;
+
+type CollectionPayload = {
+  collection: string;
+};
+
+type PrimaryKeyPayload = {
+  pkey: string;
+};
--- a/src/types.ts
+++ b/src/types.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 import type { BSONRegExp, BSONType } from "bson";

-export type Document = {
-  [key: string]: any;
-};
+export type Prettify<T> = { [K in keyof T]: T[K] } & {};

-export type WithId<TSchema> = {
-  id: string;
-} & TSchema;
+export type AnyDocument = Record<string, any>;

 export type Filter<TSchema> = {
  [P in keyof TSchema]?: Condition<TSchema[P]>;
@@ -129,8 +125,7 @@ type Flatten<Type> = Type extends ReadonlyArray<infer Item> ? Item : Type;

 type IsAny<Type, ResultIfAny, ResultIfNotAny> = true extends false & Type ? ResultIfAny : ResultIfNotAny;

-type FilterOperations<T> =
-  T extends Record<string, any>
+type FilterOperations<T> = T extends Record<string, any>
  ? {
      [key in keyof T]?: FilterOperators<T[key]>;
    }
--- a/tests/cache.test.ts
+++ b/tests/cache.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, it } from "@std/testing/bdd";
 import { expect } from "expect";

 import { IndexedDbCache } from "../src/databases/indexeddb/cache.ts";
-import { Options } from "../src/storage/storage.ts";
+import type { Options } from "../src/storage/storage.ts";
 import type { WithId } from "../src/types.ts";

 describe("IndexedDbCache", () => {
--- a/tests/collection.test.ts
+++ b/tests/collection.test.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { expect } from "expect";

 import { Collection } from "../src/collection.ts";
 import { MemoryStorage } from "../src/databases/memory/storage.ts";
-import { getUsers, UserDocument } from "./users.mock.ts";
+import { getUsers, type UserDocument } from "./users.mock.ts";

 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- a/tests/hash.test.ts
+++ b/tests/hash.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { describe, it } from "@std/testing/bdd";
 import { expect } from "expect";

 import { hashCodeQuery } from "../src/hash.ts";
-import { Options } from "../src/mod.ts";
+import type { Options } from "../src/mod.ts";

 describe("hashCodeQuery", () => {
  const filter = { name: { $eq: "Document 1" } };
--- a/tests/update.test.ts
+++ b/tests/update.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, it } from "@std/testing/bdd";
 import { expect } from "expect";
+import z from "zod";

 import { Collection } from "../src/collection.ts";
 import { MemoryStorage } from "../src/databases/memory/storage.ts";
@@ -13,20 +14,28 @@ describe("Field Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/set/#set-top-level-fields
     */
    it("should set top level fields", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{
-        quantity: number;
-        instock: boolean;
-        reorder: boolean;
-        details: {
-          model: string;
-          make: string;
-        };
-        tags: string[];
-        ratings: {
-          by: string;
-          rating: number;
-        }[];
-      }>("tests", new MemoryStorage("tests"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id" as const,
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          quantity: z.number(),
+          instock: z.boolean(),
+          reorder: z.boolean(),
+          details: z.object({
+            model: z.string(),
+            make: z.string(),
+          }),
+          tags: z.array(z.string()),
+          ratings: z.array(
+            z.object({
+              by: z.string(),
+              rating: z.number(),
+            }),
+          ),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({
        id: "100",
@@ -73,20 +82,28 @@ describe("Field Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/set/#set-fields-in-embedded-documents
     */
    it("should set fields in the embedded documents", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{
-        quantity: number;
-        instock: boolean;
-        reorder: boolean;
-        details: {
-          model: string;
-          make: string;
-        };
-        tags: string[];
-        ratings: {
-          by: string;
-          rating: number;
-        }[];
-      }>("tests", new MemoryStorage("tests"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          quantity: z.number(),
+          instock: z.boolean(),
+          reorder: z.boolean(),
+          details: z.object({
+            model: z.string(),
+            make: z.string(),
+          }),
+          tags: z.array(z.string()),
+          ratings: z.array(
+            z.object({
+              by: z.string(),
+              rating: z.number(),
+            }),
+          ),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({
        id: "100",
@@ -131,20 +148,28 @@ describe("Field Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/set/#set-elements-in-arrays
     */
    it("should set elements in arrays", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{
-        quantity: number;
-        instock: boolean;
-        reorder: boolean;
-        details: {
-          model: string;
-          make: string;
-        };
-        tags: string[];
-        ratings: {
-          by: string;
-          rating: number;
-        }[];
-      }>("tests", new MemoryStorage("tests"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          quantity: z.number(),
+          instock: z.boolean(),
+          reorder: z.boolean(),
+          details: z.object({
+            model: z.string(),
+            make: z.string(),
+          }),
+          tags: z.array(z.string()),
+          ratings: z.array(
+            z.object({
+              by: z.string(),
+              rating: z.number(),
+            }),
+          ),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({
        id: "100",
@@ -189,12 +214,18 @@ describe("Field Update Operators", () => {

  describe("$unset", () => {
    it("should unset keys", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{
-        item: string;
-        sku: string;
-        quantity: number;
-        instock: boolean;
-      }>("tests", new MemoryStorage("tests"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          item: z.string(),
+          sku: z.string(),
+          quantity: z.number(),
+          instock: z.boolean(),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertMany([
        { id: "1", item: "chisel", sku: "C001", quantity: 4, instock: true },
@@ -252,10 +283,20 @@ describe("Field Update Operators", () => {
 describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
  describe("$(update)", () => {
    it("should replace a object in an array", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ grades: { id: string; value: number }[] }>(
-        "students",
-        new MemoryStorage("students"),
-      );
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          grades: z.array(
+            z.object({
+              id: z.string(),
+              value: z.number(),
+            }),
+          ),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({
        id: "1",
@@ -319,7 +360,7 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/positional/#update-values-in-an-array
     */
    // it("should update values in an array", async () => {
-    //   const collection = new Collection<{ grades: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students"));
+    //   const collection = new Collection<"id", { grades: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students", "id"));

    //   await collection.insertMany([
    //     { id: "1", grades: [85, 80, 80] },
@@ -358,9 +399,9 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/positional/#update-documents-in-an-array
     */
    // it("should update documents in an array", async () => {
-    //   const collection = new Collection<{ grades: { grade: number; mean: number; std: number }[] }>(
+    //   const collection = new Collection<"id", { grades: { grade: number; mean: number; std: number }[] }>(
    //     "students",
-    //     new MemoryStorage("students"),
+    //     new MemoryStorage("students", "id"),
    //   );

    //   await collection.insertOne({
@@ -406,9 +447,9 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/positional/#update-embedded-documents-using-multiple-field-matches
     */
    // it("should update embedded documents using multiple field matches", async () => {
-    //   const collection = new Collection<{ grades: { grade: number; mean: number; std: number }[] }>(
+    //   const collection = new Collection<"id", { grades: { grade: number; mean: number; std: number }[] }>(
    //     "students",
-    //     new MemoryStorage("students"),
+    //     new MemoryStorage("students", "id"),
    //   );

    //   await collection.insertOne({
@@ -464,10 +505,16 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/pull/#remove-all-items-that-equal-a-specified-value
     */
    it("should remove all items that equal a specified value", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ fruits: string[]; vegetables: string[] }>(
-        "stores",
-        new MemoryStorage("stores"),
-      );
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          fruits: z.array(z.string()),
+          vegetables: z.array(z.string()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertMany([
        {
@@ -519,7 +566,15 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/pull/#remove-all-items-that-match-a-specified--pull-condition
     */
    it("should remove all items that match a specific $pull condition", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ votes: number[] }>("profiles", new MemoryStorage("profiles"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          votes: z.array(z.number()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({ id: "1", votes: [3, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8] });

@@ -548,10 +603,20 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/pull/#remove-items-from-an-array-of-documents
     */
    it("should remove items from an array of documents", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ results: { item: string; score: number }[] }>(
-        "surveys",
-        new MemoryStorage("surveys"),
-      );
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          results: z.array(
+            z.object({
+              item: z.string(),
+              score: z.number(),
+            }),
+          ),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertMany([
        {
@@ -596,9 +661,26 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/pull/#remove-documents-from-nested-arrays
     */
    it("should remove documents from nested arrays", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{
-        results: { item: string; score: number; answers: { q: number; a: number }[] }[];
-      }>("surveys", new MemoryStorage("surveys"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          results: z.array(
+            z.object({
+              item: z.string(),
+              score: z.number(),
+              answers: z.array(
+                z.object({
+                  q: z.number(),
+                  a: z.number(),
+                }),
+              ),
+            }),
+          ),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertMany([
        {
@@ -699,7 +781,15 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/push/#append-a-value-to-an-array
     */
    it("should append a value to an array", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ scores: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          scores: z.array(z.number()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({ id: "1", scores: [44, 78, 38, 80] });

@@ -726,7 +816,15 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/push/#append-a-value-to-arrays-in-multiple-documents
     */
    it("should append a value to arrays in multiple documents", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ scores: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          scores: z.array(z.number()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertMany([
        { id: "1", scores: [44, 78, 38, 80, 89] },
@@ -763,7 +861,16 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/push/#append-multiple-values-to-an-array
     */
    it("should append multiple values to an array", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ name: string; scores: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          name: z.string(),
+          scores: z.array(z.number()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({ id: "1", name: "Joe", scores: [44, 78] });

@@ -792,10 +899,20 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/push/#use--push-operator-with-multiple-modifiers
     */
    it("should use $push operator with multiple modifiers", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ quizzes: { wk: number; score: number }[] }>(
-        "students",
-        new MemoryStorage("students"),
-      );
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          quizzes: z.array(
+            z.object({
+              wk: z.number(),
+              score: z.number(),
+            }),
+          ),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({
        id: "5",
@@ -845,7 +962,15 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/slice/#slice-from-the-end-of-the-array
     */
    it("should slice from the end of the array", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ scores: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          scores: z.array(z.number()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({ id: "1", scores: [40, 50, 60] });

@@ -875,7 +1000,15 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/slice/#slice-from-the-front-of-the-array
     */
    it("should slice from the front of the array", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ scores: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          scores: z.array(z.number()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({ id: "2", scores: [89, 90] });

@@ -905,7 +1038,15 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/slice/#update-array-using-slice-only
     */
    it("should update array using slice only", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ scores: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          scores: z.array(z.number()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({ id: "3", scores: [89, 70, 100, 20] });

@@ -935,7 +1076,15 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/position/#add-elements-at-the-start-of-the-array
     */
    it("should add elements to the start of the array", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ scores: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          scores: z.array(z.number()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({ id: "1", scores: [100] });

@@ -965,7 +1114,15 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/position/#add-elements-to-the-middle-of-the-array
     */
    it("should add elements to the middle of the array", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ scores: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          scores: z.array(z.number()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({ id: "2", scores: [50, 60, 70, 100] });

@@ -992,7 +1149,15 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
    });

    it("should use a negative index to add elements to the array", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ scores: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          scores: z.array(z.number()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({ id: "3", scores: [50, 60, 20, 30, 70, 100] });

@@ -1022,10 +1187,20 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/sort/#sort-array-of-documents-by-a-field-in-the-documents
     */
    it("should sort array of documents by a field in the documents", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ quizzes: { id: number; score: number }[] }>(
-        "students",
-        new MemoryStorage("students"),
-      );
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          quizzes: z.array(
+            z.object({
+              id: z.number(),
+              score: z.number(),
+            }),
+          ),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({
        id: "1",
@@ -1074,7 +1249,15 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/sort/#sort-array-elements-that-are-not-documents
     */
    it("should sort array elements that are not documents", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ tests: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          tests: z.array(z.number()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({ id: "2", tests: [89, 70, 89, 50] });

@@ -1106,7 +1289,15 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/sort/#update-array-using-sort-only
     */
    it("should update array using sort only", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ tests: number[] }>("students", new MemoryStorage("students"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          tests: z.array(z.number()),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({ id: "3", tests: [89, 70, 100, 20] });

@@ -1140,11 +1331,20 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
     * @see https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/update/inc
     */
    it("should increment and decrement values", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{
-        sku: string;
-        quantity: number;
-        metrics: { orders: number; ratings: number };
-      }>("products", new MemoryStorage("products"));
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          sku: z.string(),
+          quantity: z.number(),
+          metrics: z.object({
+            orders: z.number(),
+            ratings: z.number(),
+          }),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({ id: "1", sku: "abc123", quantity: 10, metrics: { orders: 2, ratings: 3.5 } });

@@ -1176,10 +1376,20 @@ describe("Array Update Operators", () => {
    });

    it("should increment value of an array element with array index", async () => {
-      const collection = new Collection<{ details: { id: number; quantity: number }[] }>(
-        "products",
-        new MemoryStorage("products"),
-      );
+      const collection = new Collection({
+        name: "test",
+        adapter: new MemoryStorage("tests"),
+        primaryKey: "id",
+        schema: {
+          id: z.string(),
+          details: z.array(
+            z.object({
+              id: z.number(),
+              quantity: z.number(),
+            }),
+          ),
+        },
+      });

      await collection.insertOne({
        id: "3",
--- a/tests/users.mock.ts
+++ b/tests/users.mock.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { clone } from "../src/clone.ts";
-import { WithId } from "../src/types.ts";
+import type { WithId } from "../src/types.ts";

 const users: WithId<UserDocument>[] = [
  {